Mantik al-tayr, written by Farid al-Din Attar (d. 618/1221) in 1187 and translated into Turkish by Gulshehrî, is a mystical text rich in language and values, but it is not known enough today. With this study, it was aimed to bring the text to present day and deliver it to students. Thus, it was targeted to preserve Turkish language, pass it onto future generations in a strong way, and transfer basic values and moral teachings to students through the birds representing different human types in Mantik al-tayr. In this context, the content of the work which was prepared as a project, was presented to secondary school and high school students based on their age level by making use of traditional fairy taletelling, accompanied by miniatures. After the presentation, the participants' views on bird tales were evaluated. A case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed in the study. The study group consisted of nineteen students studying in a state and a private school located in Üsküdar district of Istanbul province in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. Although it was written in the 14th century, it is a successful and up-to-date work that reflects different temperaments and characters. The participants’ additional work messages reflect the work’s rich content. The data were obtained using semi-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results obtained from the study can be listed as follows: The participants identified themselves with different aspects of the characters in the work and linked them to their weaknesses, problems, ambitions, and desires. The students indicated that they added many new words to their vocabulary. It can be said that the work is an important text that can be used in character and values education as well as mother tongue education.

Keywords: Turkish language and literature; Values education; Ethics; Mantik al-tayr; Gülşehrî.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between university and high school students’ attitudes towards sports and their psycho- social, physical and mental development levels through some variables. The study group consisted of 62 females (33.5%) and 123 males studying at Bitlis Eren University (102 people) and a Scien-ce-Anatolian High School (83 people) in Bitlis in the 2021-2022 academic year. (66.5%) consists of a total of 185 students. Relational screening model was used in the research. Personal Information Form and Attitude towards Sports Scale were used as data collec-tion tools in the research. The analysis of the data in the research was made with the SPSS 22 statistical package program. The findings obtained from the research were analyzed according to gender, school type, perceived economic status, regular exercise and he-ight-weight variables. As a conclution; While no significant diffe-rence was found between the students’ Attitude Toward Sports Scale mean scores and gender and height-weight variables; A statistically significant difference was found in the variables of school type, per-ceived economic status, and regular sports activities. In addition, according to the results of the correlation between the scores obtained from the Attitude towards Sports scale and its subdimensions, a high level of positive correlation was found between the Attitude towards Sports scale and the Psychosocial, Physical and Mental Development sub-dimensions

Keywords: University and high school students, Attitude towards sports, Psyc-hosocial-Physical and Mental Development

This research was conducted to examine the relationship between the motivation levels of preschool children and their mothers’ child-rearing attitudes. The research is in relational screening model. The study group
consisted of 352 children aged 36-72 months who received pre-school education and their mothers. The data were collected using the “Child and Family Information Form”, “Parent Attitudes Scale (PAS-A) Form” and “Motivation Scale for Preschool Children (DMQ18)”. Data were analyzed by t Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis in SPSS package program. In addition, the Tukey Test was performed to determine the difference in the groups, and it was determined in which groups the difference was. As a result of the research, it was determined that the child-rearing attitudes of the mothers created a statistically significant difference according to the mother’s education level, mother’s working status and family structure (p<0.05). It was determined that the motivation levels of the children also created a statistically significant difference according to the age and gender of the children (p<0.05). As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant and positive relationship between the mothers’ PAS-A Democratic Attitude sub-dimension scores and the children’s DMQ18 Gross Motor Persistence, High Level Satisfaction and General Competence sub-dimensions scores; It was determined that there was a significant and negative correlation between the ABTÖ-A Repressive-Authoritarian Attitude sub-dimension scores and the children’s DMQ18 General Competence sub-dimension scores (p<0.05).

Keywords: Parental attitudes; Motivation; Pre-school period; Development; Child.

The aim of this research is to classify digital gamers according to their addiction levels and to examine the created clusters in terms of life satisfaction, hope levels and demographic characteristics. The universe of
the research consists of participants playing digital games, and the sample consists of 262 participants selected by convenience sampling. The questionnaire form consists of Digital Game Addiction Scale, Life Satisfaction
Scale, Continuous Hope Scale and questions about the demographic characteristics of the participants. For the purpose of the research, cluster analysis, MANOVA and Chi-Square analysis were used. According to the results of the clustering analysis performed to classify the sampled players according to their digital game addiction level, the participants were classified in three ways as high-level addicts, lowlevel addicts and non-addicts according to their digital game addiction levels. It was revealed that the clusters differed significantly in terms of hope and life satisfaction levels. (Wilks’ Lambda (λ)=.930, F=4.738, p<.001). According to the results of the Chi-Square analysis performed to test the differences of the clusters according to their demographic characteristics, it was revealed that there were significant differences (p<.05) between the clusters according to educational status, gender and age groups. In consequence, it was found that the life satisfaction and hope levels of the non-addicted players were higher than the addicted players. Therefore, it is possible to say that hope and life satisfaction,
which have protective effects on addiction, can also be considered as a digital game addiction intervention method.

Keywords: Addiction; Digital game addiction; Life satisfaction; Hope levels; Cluster analysis

This study investigated the relationship between Instagram usage, selfobjectification, objectification of others, and weight stigma levels of university students aged between 18 and 25. It has been seen that the
studies on social media in the literature are primarily correlative and therefore do not allow cause-effect inference. Hence, both correlative and experimental methods were used in the present study to fill this gap.
One correlational (N=104) and two experimental (respectively N=70 and N=80) studies were conducted. The first study examined participants’ daily Instagram usage, self-objectification, objectification of others,
and weight stigma levels. There were positive correlations between daily Instagram usage, self-objectification, and objectification of others levels. In the second and third studies, participants were randomly assigned
to groups and exposed to different Instagram photos (idealized body, fat body, and space) accordingly. Exposure’s effect on their selfobjectification (Study 2), objectification of others (Study 3), and weight stigma levels were examined. Findings indicated that while exposure to Instagram photos did not make a difference in levels of objectification of others and weight stigma, self-objectification levels decreased after the exposure. Exposure to different photos did not have significant effects. Findings were discussed based on the relevant literature.

Keywords: Social media; Instagram; Self-objectification; Objectification of others; Weight stigma.

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the reasoning ways of university students. The study was carried out in two separate stages consisting of the pilot and main application in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the main application, the analysis was made on the data obtained from 378 university students. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed for the construct validity of the scale; Average Explained Variance [Average Variance Extracted (AVE)], square root of AVE, Composite Reliability [CR], Maximum Shared Variance [Maximum Squared Variance (MSV)], Average Squared Shared Variance [(Average Shared Square Variance (ASV)] and inter-construct correlations were calculated for convergent and divergent validities. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency and CR coefficients were calculated to examine the reliability. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis results showed that the scale had a seven-factor structure (deductive, inductive, analogical, heuristic, algebraic, historical, and verbal) and consisted of 21 items. Convergent and divergent validity of the scale was proved by examining AVE, square root of AVE, CR, MSV, ASV values, and inter-construct correlation coefficients. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability coefficients which were calculated for the whole scale and each sub-dimension indicated that the scale was reliable. The results reveal that the Reasoning Ways Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Keywords: Reasoning; Reasoning ways; Scale development validity; Reliability.

This study aimed to adapt the Advisory Working Alliance Inventory (AWAI) into Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the scale in order to measure the quality of the relationships between graduate students and their advisors. The participants of the research were 475 students enrolled in the graduate programs at İnönü University in the 2019-2020 academic year. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to test the construct validity of the Turkish form of the scale. The EFA results showed that the16-item Turkish form of the scale accounted for 70.83% of total variance explained. In this research, a two-factor structure, i.e. rapport and apprenticeship factors, was obtained as different from the three-factor structure of the original form of AWAI. While factor loadings of eight items in the Rapport dimension ranged between “.641” and “.855”, factor loadings of eight items in Apprenticeship factor ranged between “.793” and “.861”. The CFA results regarding the two-factor model revealed favorable goodness-of-fit values [X2=283.57, X2/df=2.807, RMSEA=.062, CFI=.99, GFI=.93,
AGFI=.91, NNFI=.99 and SRMR=.042]. Cronbach Alpha internalconsistency coefficient of the scale was “.956”, and test-retest correlation coefficient was “.735”. Findings obtained from the research show that the Turkish form of the scale is a valid and reliable instrument, which can be used to measure the perceptions of graduate students towards advisor-advisee relationships.
Keywords: Graduate education; Advisor-advisee relationship; Graduate advising; Scala adaptation; Graduate student.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in attitudes of love styles of leading actors and actresses in romantic relationships in Turkish movies in the 1970s and 2000s and to investigate their personality traits according to Transactional Analysis Ego States. The study is a qualitative document analysis study. The descriptive analysis method was utilized to determine the dominant ego states and love styles of characters in the selected four movies. It was found that the ego states of leading characters in the movies chosen changed from the 70s to the 2000s. While the dominant ego state of the leading female characters in the 70s movies was child ego state, the dominant ego states in the 2000s movies were adult and parent ego states. Whereas the dominant ego state of the leading male characters in the 70s movies was parent ego state, the dominant ego states in the 2000s movies were child and parent ego states. Moreover, the ego states of the leading male and female characters in all movies remained as complementary ego states. In addition, there were changes in movies in terms of love styles from the 70s to the 2000s. While the dominant love style was friendship love in the 70s movies, it was passionate love in the 2000s movies. Examining egostates and love styles and their changes over time through movies may provide an alternative source for studying the change in emotional and behavioral characteristics and social structure.

Keywords: Transactional analysis; Ego states; Romantic relationships; Love styles; Movie analysis.

When the history of Turkish cinema is examined, it is seen that Turk-ish cinema reflects many elements in a temporal context depending on its cultural past. Turkish Cinema transfers the events of the period, and the way of life of the society to other generations with black and white or colored frames and mediates the display of many elements in the society. We see one of these elements in the film Zavallı. The film examines the reflection of individuals with special needs (intel-lectual disability) through cinema and the perception of individuals with special needs by the society of the period in line with their culture. Films are important in terms of reflecting the culture and life of the period with the line they create between real life and film. In this study, individuals with special needs are examined through the de-scriptive analysis method and sociological approach through the film Zavallı in the context of the culture of the period. Creating a frame-work with descriptive analysis and interpreting the findings based on this thematic framework are included. With a sociological approach, “What is the cultural and national character of the film? search for an answer to the question. In this study, the culture of the period is eval-uated sociologically by examining the characteristics of individuals with special needs and today’s individuals with special needs, by building on Ali and his family, who have intellectual disability. In this context, it is seen that the film was used, the period in which the film was made and the more white support screen and the society’s per-spectives towards the intended people, the society used against the consumers, and the positive target development was noted.

Keywords: Turkish cinema; Individuals with special needs; Individu-als with intellectual disabilities; Families of individuals with intellectu-al disabilities; Social environment of individuals with intellectual disa-bilities.

This research aimed to exemplify the use of the Rasch model in the analysis of data on ranking judgments. To this end, in the study, we delineated in detail all the processes related to the Rasch analysis, from the preparation of the data file to the interpretation of the analysis outputs. Besides, we compered the Rasch analysis results with the outputs obtained from traditional method. We conducted our study on 261 secondary school students. We collected the research data by employing an instrument containing five stimuli regarding the positive aspects and limitations of the mathematics homework. We asked students to rank the positive aspects of the homework by coding the most prominent advantage with 1 and the last advantage with 5. Similarly, we requested them to put in order the limitations of the homework by coding the foremost limitation with 1 and the last limitation with 5. We analyzed the research data according to both the Rasch model and traditional method. Research results revealed that the agreement between the stimuli’s scale values obtained from the Rasch analysis and from the traditional method was high. Considering this result and that the Rasch model is a more practical option in terms of the analysis process, we can suggested researchers to prefer Rasch model instead of the traditional method in the analysis  of data based on ranking judgments.

 Keywords: Scaling approaches; Stimulus-centered scaling; Ranking judgements; Ranking of stimuli; Rasch model.

This research aims to examine the general, visual characteristics and activities in the context of their conformity to the musical development of the violin books for preschool education in Turkey. Document analysis from qualitative research methods has been used for this research. With criterion sampling, 11 beginner violin books written by Turkish authors for preschool violin education were examined. In data collection, the “examination form of violin books written for the preschool period” was used. In the visual examination, the sub-headings of the pictures and texts in the books and the picture features are included. In  the content analysis, the page content, certification, and class models were included. In the examination of the musical development stages, the dimensions of hearing/listening, vocalising/singing, moving/dancing, and exploring/playing were included. As a result, the activities in the books are mainly in the hearing/listening dimension, and among these activities, the concepts of high and low, and tempo exercises are primarily included. In the vocalising/singing dimension, activities such as associating the rhythms and melodies are included, but such as choosing their song, composing, and singing with different dynamics are not included in the books. In the moving/dancing dimension, it has been revealed that books primarily include posture-holding exercises, but it is not at a sufficient level for action songs and finger games. In the exploring/playing dimension, it has been revealed that the activities that will lead the students to discover different music genres, tempos, and dynamics are not included in the books.
 

Keywords: Music education; Preschool music education; Musical Development; Violin education; Violin methods.

The present study aims to analyze the 6th Graders’ errors concerning algebraic expressions. The study was carried out with 54 sixth graders attending a school in the province center of Kırıkkale, during the academic year 2017-2018. The study group was gathered on the basis of the critical sampling model. The data collection tool employed was the “Scale for the Identification of Errors about Algebraic Expressions” comprised of 10 open-ended questions. The study was conducted with mixed method research design combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The study was designed as a concurrent transformative mixed method. In this regard, the scale comprising open-ended questions concerning five learning outcomes in the algebraic expressions sub-learning field of the sixth grade mathematics cirruculum was subjected to, leading to content analysis of the responses students provided to investigate the errors the students have. Researchers tried to be come up with applicable codes. The arithmetic mean, percentage and frequencies were used to calculate the student achievements according to the scores obtained from the answers to the questions on the scale. The study results reveal a generally low level of competence regarding algebraic expressions. However, many errors have been identified in the students about the five outcomes in the field of algebra learning. Keywords: Algebraic expressions; Sub-learning domain; E

In this study, the predictive power of school belonging for students’ attitudes toward science was examined. The target group of this study is 4028 (52.3% female and 47.7% male) fourth-grade Turkish students participating in TIMSS 2019. In data analysis, descriptive statistics, Single-Sample t Test and multiple regression were used to answer the research questions. IDB Analyzer Version 4.0.39 (IEA, 2013) and SPSS were used in the analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics for research variables showed that 4th Turkish students’ attitudes toward science were more positive than the overall average. According to the regression findings, the scores of the school belonging scale were shown to be statistically significant and positive predictors of the “like learning science” and “confident in science” variables. The impact of school belonging on student attitudes is discussed in the context of the relevant literature.

In this study, the relationship between the social media usage habits of university students and relationship satisfaction was examined. The Demographic Information Form, Social Media Usage Scale and Relationship Satisfaction Scale were applied to the students studying at Dokuz Eylül University using convenient sampling method (224 female, 163 male, 387 students). Independent samples t Test, One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyzes were used. Frequency of social media use, time spent on social media, motivations, expressions about social media and relationship satisfaction were analyzed according to gender, age and duration of romantic relationship and the correlation between social media use and relationship satisfaction was analyzed. A significant gender difference was found for relationship satisfaction, social network, professional network, photo sharing sites, microblogs and forums. A weak positive correlation was found for the “self-expression/actualization”, “being up to date”, “entertainment” and relationship satisfaction. Suggestions for future work are included at the end. 

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) took over the world and had negative effects on people's mental health. This study compared Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms and rumination in three groups: people diagnosed with COVID-19, influenza/flu, and no diagnosis group. The questionnaires were presented to the 197 volunteer participants who had these diseases. The data was collected in April 2021 through the online platform. Contrary to expectations, individuals diagnosed with flu/cold reported more OCD symptoms than those who had COVID-19 and no diagnosis group. However, rumination self-reports showed no significant difference across the three research groups. Also, people who had lost close people due to COVID-19 reported more OCD symptoms than their counterparts as they had no experience of loss and people who lost their acquaintance. The results were discussed in the context of recent findings and the trajectory of the pandemic.