Organizational culture is very important for institutions and has a critical role for institutions to be successful. The organizational culture of institutions forms the working environment and directly affects employees' way of doing business and their capacities. The psychology, motivation, job ownership status and productivity capacity of the human resource in the institution are organized according to the organizational culture in the institution. This is also the same for educational organizations. In the general sense, organizational culture is expressed as the whole of norms, rules, perceptions and values that are accepted, followed and shared by individuals and groups within the organization. Organizational culture of an institution is the system of principles, beliefs and values of the institution. Organizational culture has a critical importance in establishing the necessary environment for an effective educational administration, in achieving education and training objectives and in training successful and happy students. Organizational culture affects the management processes in the institution, especially the leadership and management styles of the school principals, and it is also affected by these management processes. In this research, the relationship between organizational culture and educational administration will be analyzed along with the conceptual framework of organizational culture based on the critical role of organizational culture in schools. In this analysis, the effect of organization culture on educational administration and the outcomes of educational administration as a result of this effect will be examined, and some deductions and suggestions will be made.

Keywords:Organizational culture; Educational management; School culture; Management; Organizational behavior.

Recent studies have shown that worked-out examples are considered as an alternative approach for students who don’t have prior knowledge of a task or initial acquisition in domains like mathematics. Worked-out examples involve the presentation of a problem and its solution. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effects of four different types of worked-out examples (worked-out examples, worked-out examples with self-explanation prompts, fading worked-out examples without self-explanation prompts and fading worked-out examples with self-explanation prompts) on novice students’ math performance on fraction problems. The study group consisted of 67 students that were selected among 215 sixth grade students from a public school. According to the results of this study, the use of self-explanation prompts in combination with backward fading worked-out examples fosters learning in both transfer and follow-up studies. Backward fading worked-out examples using self-explanation prompts can be easily implemented and is compatible with ordinary framework conditions in schools with very simple means such as worksheets or homework.

Keywords: Worked-out examples; Self-explanation prompts; Fading steps; Mathematics; Cognitive load.

Teachers need to be able to choose the appropriate materials and have skills to apply them in class efficiently so as to attain effective teaching goals. In this context, it is vital to be aware of teacher competencies and provide support when needed. In this study, teacher competencies about Educational and Informatics Network (EBA), have been determined and associated with particular demographic variables. To this end, the research has been conducted with the relational survey method. The participants of the study are 652 teachers at different teaching levels and branches in schools in Kocaeli (a city in the west of Turkey) in the 2015-2016 academic year. As a result of the study, the participant teachers have stated that they partially have EBA competencies. It is also concluded that teacher competencies do not vary according to gender, but vary according to age, branch, and type of school. There have been significant differences found in terms of the frequency of EBA usage and skills of Internet usage.

Keywords: EBA; Teacher competency; Teaching level; Scale development; Social learning platform.

Schegloff, Jefferson ve Sacks (1977) named the interactional troubles regarding intersubjective meaning making and the verbal acts aiming to deal with such problems as repair practices. Conversational repair is a verbal action to deal with problems of speech, hearing and understanding. These practices have been constructed within a conversation analytic theoretical approach. The aim of this study was to compare the types of conversational repair practices observed in four selected contexts of daily life (family, friends, work and street). The data consisted of 8 hours of recorded conversations in these contexts. The results indicated that preferred repair practices did not differ based on the type of context. In all contexts both self and other repair practices were observed except for other-initiated other repair which has not been observed in any of these contexts, however, use of self repair was preferred more. The finding of preference of self-repair over other-repair is consistent with studies concerned with repair mechanisms carried out in other languages.

Keywords: Repair; Self repair; Other repair; Turkish; Daily conversations; Conversation analysis.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between effective leadership qualities and classroom teachers’ openness to change. Data in this study were collected from a total number of 275 classroom teachers. Teachers’ openness to change was measured using teachers’ openness to change subscale of the faculty openness to change questionnaire developed by Smith ve Hoy (2007) and was adapted by Demirtaş (2012), and effective leadership qualities was measured using effective leadership qualities developed by Sharma (2010). Mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression test used in analysis of the data. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant positively correlation between effective leadership qualities and classroom teachers’ openness to change, and effective leadership qualities was significantly predictor of classroom teachers’ openness to change.

Keywords: Leadership; Effective leadership qualities; Openness to change; Teachers’ openness to change; Principal.

Today, child rearing has become more complicated since the recent changes caused by digital technologies in daily lives of families. Digital media brings both new learning opportunities and risks for its consumers simultaneously. Especially, children and adolescents are susceptible for the digital risks. Parents are expected to have a mediating role for their children in adapting digital life. The purpose of the study was to investigate parents’ perceptions related to digital risks and on what aspects of digital media (risks or opportunities) they wanted to be trained. Seventy-nine parents (38 mothers and 41 fathers) of children aged 10 to 18 responded to survey on digital risks. Parents’ perceptions related to the risks involved in the digital media were investigated by forced-choice and open-ended questions and the responses analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed that, parents had knowledge on digital risks and taking precautions against those risks. Besides, according to the findings from content analysis, parents utilized several parenting strategies and they needed to be educated on both risks and opportunities of digital media for their children.

Keywords: Digital parenting; Digital risks; Parental mediation; Parenting strategies; Parental education.

The aim of this study is to determine the problems of Turkish and primary school teachers encounter in the first years of teaching profession and reveal solution offers to eliminate these problems. The study was included Turkish and primary school teachers working rural areas in Van. The reason for especially selecting Turkish Language teachers and primary school teachers for this study is that primary and maybe the foremost problem is about language and communication that teachers at rural areas confront while practicing their profession. So, it means that Turkish and primary school teachers are first teachers faced with these language and communication problems. It is tried to find out what kind of problems teachers have, how they deal with these problems and what kinds of solution offer they suggest. “Receiving Opinions of Turkish Language Teachers and Primary School Teachers Who Were Appointed to the Rural Areas About Professional Orientation Process Form” which was developed by researchers was used to obtain data. Data were analyzed with content analysis. Findings of this research were discussed comparing similar researches. After all stages, some suggestions were included towards relevant institutions and organizations, people, managers most of all beginner teachers working in rural areas.

Keywords: Turkish Language teachers and primary school teachers; Rural areas; Orientation process.

Aim of this study was to investigate counselors’ views and experiences on uses of silence in counseling process. The study was carried out with 14 counselors. Data were obtained by semi-structured interview technique. Results showed that participants largely thought silence had positive contributions on counseling process. According to participants silence gave time for the clients gained insight and gave opportunity to think for counseling process for the counselors. Most of the participants agreed that silence was a situation that aroused spontaneously rather than a technique in the process. A majority of participants thought that silence rarely occurred in initial stages of counseling process, it mostly happened when a therapeutic relationship between counselor and client became stronger. Also the results implied that counselors were not aware of their feeling and emotions during silence, they mostly used the silence to look over the counseling process. A majority of participants reported that they did not receive any training on uses silence in counseling sessions. The participants also expressed that they got more competency when they got more experiences. The results of the analysis of the interviews were discussed with the relevant literature. Additionally, suggestions for counselor education and future researches were made.

Keywords: Silence; School counselor; Counseling competencies; Counseling micro skills.

The sense of smell is used less than other senses in human life. Even though visual, auditory and tactile stimuli are largely examined in psychology literature, few studies, unfortunately, examine the influence of odor. The aim of this review was to examine studies related to the effects of aromatic odors on some behaviors. Studies have demonstrated that aromatic odors enhance retrieval of information, positive mood, and attention, and produce relieving effects. Amygdala and prefrontal cortex are related brain areas to aromatic odors. This study highlights some horizons for future studies.

Keywords: Odor; Olfactive stimulations; Psychology of odor.

Peer relations is a whole of interactions among people that are at same age or have close developmental and maturity level and share similar backgrounds, values, life, lifestyles and social context. Individual characteristics, peer support and power balance are important factors in peer relationships. In education literature, the issue of autonomy supportiveness in peer relations is newly studıed. The main purpose of this study is to comparatively determine whether fourth-grade elementary school students with different achievement levels feel autonomy support from close friends. For this purpose, students are grouped as high and low performance according to academic achievement levels. This study was designed as case study with qualitative research method. Face-to-face interview is used as data collection method. Participants are selected by criterion sampling method. “Being fourth-grade primary school student” and “being low and high performance” are the criteria for selectıon of participants. According to findings almost all students, whether they are low and high performance, emphasize that they urge autonomy support from their friends and would like this kind of support. while almost all the high-performance students feel confıdent to take their own decision, they feel that they do not get enough support from their friends. Feeling autonomy ın low performance students is exact opposite. Consequently, it is determined that both successful students and the students who are back in terms of academic achievement do not feel the emotion of supporting autonomy and encouragement in desired level. This finding can be interpreted as there is not any awareness about “autonomy support from friend” in our country.

Keywords: Autonomy; Autonomy support; Peer; Close friend; Academic achievement; Elementary school.

Aim of this study is to identify the contents and methodological tendencies of studies related to leisure time activity skills, conducted between 2000-2017. Because of its context and purpose, document review method is used in this study. The documents have been accessed in electronic form through internet. In order to access the documents, Google Scholar search engine, website of Higher Education Council (YOK) National Thesis Center and Abant İzzet Baysal University Library database have been used. By entering key words; such as “free time”, “leisure time” and “recreation”, documents have been scanned and reviewed. During the review process, studies written before 2000 and are prohibited to use or whose full text is not provided have not been included in the study. Also, only one of the researches, which is in thesis form and an article based on that thesis, has been included. At the end of this limitation, a total of 42 studies have been included in the research. The studies have been analyzed through descriptive analysis method. Data gathered during the study was calculated the frequency of the data correspondingly to each research question. The obtained data are presented and interpreted in tables and graphs.

Keywords: Leisure time; Leisure time activities; Recreation; Special education; Document review.

This study investigated social skills, problem behaviours, and play behaviours of children according to the views of their teachers and aimed to find out the predictive powers of social skills and problem behaviours on play behaviours of children. This study investigating the social skills, problem behaviours and play behaviours conducted correlational research model. The participants of the study included a total of 250 children of 5-6 years old children who are studying in 16 pre-schools schools located in Karabük Province in 2015-2016 education year. The participants were selected through convenience sampling method. This study used PKBS-2, Preschool and Kindergarten Behaviour Scala and Preschool Play Behaviour Scale to gather data. Data were analysed through t Test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Results revealed that the level of play behaviours and problem behaviours of children differed significantly according to their gender and age while their social skill level differed significantly according to their gender but did not differ significantly according to age variable. Results also revealed that there were significant relationships between 5-6 years old children’s social skills, problem behaviour and play behaviours.

Keywords: 5-6 years old children; Social skills; Problem behaviour; Play behaviours.