Many educational stakeholders have an impact on education in the first-grades in general and on the first literacy teaching process in particular. The stakeholders of this process are the education program, the school and the environment, the teacher, the student, the characteristics and readiness levels, and the parents in the family. All these stakeholders, separately or together, have more or less, positive or negative effects on the process. Family is an important stakeholder today and its effects on children’s school success have increased considerably. Parents who are the teachers outside the school must be in effective communication and cooperation with the school and the teacher. In this context, this research is of special importance to determine the parental impact on the first literacy teaching. The general purpose of the study is to determine the parental impact on the first literacy teaching process through the evaluations of teachers in line with the research conducted on this subject and to create suggestions for stakeholders. The research was carried out with qualitative research method and as a case study from qualitative research designs. A semi-structured interview form consisting of 6 open-ended questions prepared by the researcher were used for data collection. The research was conducted by interviewing 12 classroom teachers, who volunteered to participate in the study, working in public primary schools in Istanbul in the 2020-2021 academic year. Teachers were selected with the appropriate criteria and sampling method. From the qualitative data analysis techniques, descriptive analysis was used in analyzing the data. Some of the results obtained in the study are as follows: It has been determined that the higher education and training of the parents have a positive effect on the success of the student at school and the first reading and writing teaching process. It has been determined that the effect of parents on the method-technique applied in the teaching of first reading and writing varies according to the knowledge, interests and characteristics of the subject. It was determined that the support given to the teaching process should be as correct as the parent support. In the first reading and writing teaching process, it was determined that the effect and reaction of parents on student success was generally positive, the failure status was negative and student motivation was also affected by this.
Keywords: First literacy teaching; Method; First-grade; First-grade teacher; Family; Parents.

The aim of this research is to determine the opinions of primary school English teachers about their own foreign language proficiency. The study was conducted as a mixed method and the data were collected through short written answers of teachers. The participants who took part in the study were 117 volunteer primary school English teachers. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS Statistic 24 program and interpreted with the help of percentage and frequency tables. According to the results of the study, most of the teachers notice a difference in their English language proficiency after starting their profession, and this difference is negative. Also, teachers think that the grade they teach has a negative impact on their foreign language proficiency. Another finding of the study is that most of the teachers do not have the opportunity to actively use their foreign language outside of school. Moreover, 86.3% of teachers think that if they continue to be an English teacher at the primary school level for many years, this will cause serious negativity in their foreign language proficiency.

Keywords: Primary school English teacher; Foreign language proficiency; Professional competence; Efficacy.

Values and education is one of the issues that have been emphasized in recent years. The Ministry of National Education has been implementing values education systematically since 2010 and planning the curriculum by taking values and values education as a focus since 2017. But what do we mean by “Tolerance” What are the experiences of those who are expected to live side by side within the value of tolerance during social encountering and their day to day lives? Therefore, this study aims to probe the meaning of tolerance of 11th grade students and their experiences of social encountering. In order to have a deep understanding of these experiences, it is required to study the knowledge that participants acquired during their formal education which is a steady part of their lives, and also the experiences of their lives outside of school. It is important to analyse both knowledge and experiences of participants’ gained through their formal school education as well as through their social, in order to gain an in depth understanding of their overall experiences. Therefore, this study utilises multiple case study model amongst qualitative research methods. There are 30 participants from 3 different high schools in Istanbul. These high schools were chosen as it is thought that they reflect the Turkish society both homogeneously
and heterogeneously in terms of the religion, socio-economical status and ethnicity. The data was gathered by focus group interviews and investigating some documents that outlines the formal education framework. Via focus group discussions and analysis of education programs, common themes in all three groups were identified. As a result of the thematic analysis, regarding to the concept of tolerance 3 themes were identified: Similarities and Divergences with Secondary School Programs in Understanding of Tolerance; Understanding of Tolerance That Changes According to Target Groups or Context. 

Keywords: Intergroup relations; Othering; Prejudice; Social encountering; Tolerance; Values education.

The aim of this research is to reveal whether there is a significant difference in motives of the primary school students’ according to musical environment at home, teachers’ musical activities, or personal musical activities. The research is a correlational study. The study group consisted of the second, third, and fourth grade students from Muratpaşa, Konyaaltı and Kepez districts of Antalya. Data were collected by using Motive for Listening to Music Scale, Motive for Singing Scale, Motive for Playing Instrument Scale, and Personal Information Form. The research was carried out with 350 students in total (n=350). Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics,
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Pearson’s correlation, effect size and t Test. It was found that according to the individual musical activities; students who play an instrument, sing song or is a member of a musical group, have an instrument or musical toy at home have significantly higher motives for singing, listening a song or playing an instruments compared to the others. According to the musical environments that students have at home; students who have a family member that plays an instrument at home and students who play music, sing songs, listen to music with their families have significantly higher motivations than the others. According to the musical activities, students have in classrooms; students who have teachers that play instruments and sing songs have significantly higher motivation for singing, listening to music and playing instruments than the others.

Keywords: Music; Listening; Singing; Playing; Music Education.

The aim of this study is to adapt the Metapersonal Self Scale into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. The first sample was for the linguistic equivalence analysis and consisted of 30 undergraduate students from a private university; the second sample was for the validity and reliability analyses and consisted of 376 undergraduate students and the third sample was for the concurrent validity and consisted of 108 undergraduate students from a private university. The linguistic equivalence analyses were conducted and results showed that the linguistic equivalence was achieved. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and item factor loadings were examined, and an item was removed from the Turkish form. Confirmatory factor analysis and the suggested modification were performed after the removal. The 9-item one-dimensional structure was found to be fitting well. Item factor loadings range from .30 to .67. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be .72. Corrected item-total score correlations range from .28 to .54. Spearman Brown's split half test value was found to be .72. These results show that the Turkish version of the Metapersonal Self Scale is a valid and reliable instrument with linguistic equivalence.

Keywords: Self construal; Metapersonal, Transpersonal, Linguistic equivalence, Reliability, Validity, Confirmatory factor analysis.

Internet has become an indispensable part of today’s world. Especially adolescents use internet extensively. If adolescents use internet excessively, problematic usage risk may arise. In addition, adolescents may
prefer to meet their psychological needs online. Considering these reasons, this study aims to reveal adolescents’ views regarding their problematic internet use and psychological needs. The research, which was
designed in a phenomenological pattern, one of the qualitative research methods, was carried out with 6 female and 5 male totally 11 adolescent participants. The data, which was collected with semi-structured interview
questions, was analyzed with Nvivo 11 program and presented in the themes of internet usage reasons, internet usage results, experiences in case of internet deprivation, psychological needs met by internet and
metaphors about internet.
Keywords: Problematic internet usage; Psychological needs; Adolescent; Qualitative research; Internet addiction. Extended Summary

In this study, it was aimed to test the mediating effect of conflict action styles in the relationship between coping with humor and happiness. The sample of the study consists of a total of 380 adult individuals, 229 of whom are female (60.3%) and 151 of which are male (39.7%), whose ages are between 18 and 74. Hierarchical Regression Analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses. The bootstrapping method, which is used to show the significance of mediator variables, was also used. At the same time, the bootstrapping method was used to show the significance of mediator variables. When the findings of the research were examined, a positive relationship was found between coping with humor and happiness. While a positive relationship was found between happiness and coercive, facilitating, mediating and opposing conflict action styles, no relationship was found with avoidant conflict action style. In mediation analysis, it was seen that coercive, facilitating, mediating and opposing conflict action styles had a full mediating role between coping with humor and happiness. All findings were discussed
within the framework of literature knowledge and similar studies, and some suggestions were made.

Keywords: Humor; Coping through humor; Happiness; Conflict action styles; Mediation analysis.

Parents play an important role in first cognitive schemes of children in relation to motherhood and fatherhood. In the first years of life, children

begin to create a mental model for motherhood and fatherhood by observing
their parents' behavior. It is thought that it is important to understand
the perceptions of children towards motherhood and fatherhood
in pre-school period, which is a critical period in the process of
forming cultural characteristics and behavioral patterns specific to the
environment where the child lives. This study is a qualitative study conducted
to examine gypsy pre-school children's perceptions towards
their parents. Phenomenology design was used in the study. In determining
the study group, criterion sampling method, which is one of the
purposeful sampling methods, was preferred. The study group consists
of 30 gypsy pre-school children. The data of the study was collected
through a semi-structured interview form. The “Child Interview Form”
prepared by the researchers was used as the data collection tool. The
data was analyzed by content analysis method. In line with the findings
obtained, it was concluded that the perceptions of gypsy pre-school
children in the study towards their parents were within the framework
of traditional gender roles.
Keywords: Pre-school period; Gypsy children; Mother; Father; Mother
and father perception.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining student views on the effectiveness of the flipped learning model in beginner level piano teaching. The study was conducted with qualitative research method. The study group consisted of three students who started their first year education in the Department of Music Education at KTU Fatih Faculty of Education in the 2015-2016 academic year with the purposeful sampling method and had never received piano training before. A piano teaching program developed in accordance with the flipped learning model was applied to the participants for eight weeks, and then the data obtained through a semi-structured interview were concluded by content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the participants expressed the most stuck in their minds about the flipped learning model as video support, online support, and reducing anxiety about the lesson. Regarding the advantages of the model, it was determined that stated the WhatsApp interviews, that the model prevents forgetting, provides learning at an individual pace, and offers more applications. In addition, they found that it made them feel sincere, reduced anxiety in participants, increased student-teacher interaction, enabled active learning, and made learning more effective.

Keywords: Flipped learning; Inverted learning; Piano; Piaon education for beginners; Piano education.

The aim of the this study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis on how seventh grade students perceive the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of social studies teachers and teacher candidates regarding science, Technology and Social Learning unit. The study utilizing phenomenological approach from among qualitative research methods was conducted at a secondary school at the Arifiye district of Sakarya. The participants of the study were 19 7^th grade students. One teacher candidate and one social studies teacher gave lessons for about a month on seventh grade science, technology and society subjects within the scope of the study. At the end of the teaching period, the students were asked to fill out a form prepared by the researchers for the assessment of the PCK of the teachers. Afterwards, interviews were conducted with these seven students in order to acquire in-depth information on the PCK level of their teachers and to put forth their perceptions on this subject. The acquired data were analyzed via descriptive method. Based on the results of the study, the social studies teachers and the teacher candidate who taught them throughout the duration of the study are well-versed in the subjects of science, technology and social learning and they are able to provide information to the students on the required learning outcomes. Both the teacher and the teacher candidate help the students understand subjects they struggle with and respond to their questions properly. According to the students, both the teacher and the candidate teacher did not ask difficult questions that push them to their limits and do not give performance and project homework on the subject.

Keywords:Social studies; Pedagogical content knowledge; Program information; Subject knowledge; Assessment knowledge.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yol modeli aracılığıyla zararına sevinme ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkide, ilişkisel saldırganlığın aracı rolünü açıklamaktır. Genel Saldırganlık Modeli’nden hareketle, bu çalışmada kişilik faktörleri olarak ele alınan karanlık üçlü, uyumluluk ve düşmanlığın ilişkisel saldırganlıkla ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.  Buradan yola çıkarak, kişilik faktörlerinin ve ilişkisel saldırganlığın zararına sevinme üzerindeki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkilerini içeren bir model önerilmiştir. 306 yetişkin; karanlık üçlü, Proaktif/Reaktif İlişkisel Saldırganlık Ölçeği, uyumluluk ve düşmanlık ölçeklerini ve araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan zararına sevinme duygusunu ölçen senaryo ve ona ilişkin soruları çevrimiçi olarak tamamlamıştır. Yol analizi, yalnızca tepkisel ilişkisel saldırganlığın, zararına sevinmeyi doğrudan yordadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bunun yanında, karanlık üçlü, reaktif ilişkisel saldırganlık yoluyla dolaylı olarak zararına sevinme duygusunu açıklamıştır. Uyumluluk ve düşmanlık, karanlık üçlüyü doğrudan açıklarken, tepkisel ve amaca yönelik ilişkisel saldırganlığı karanlık üçlü yoluyla dolaylı olarak açıklamıştır. Tepkisel ve amaca yönelik ilişkisel saldırganlık, uyumluluk ve düşmanlık kişilik özellikleri bakımından anlamlı düzeyde yordanırken, kişilik özellikleri (uyumluluk, karanlık üçlü, düşmanlık) ve zararına sevinme arasında yalnızca tepkisel ilişkisel saldırganlığın aracı rolü bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları ve uygulama açısından görüşler, gelecekteki araştırmalar için paylaşılmıştır. Bunun yanında çalışmanın sınırlılıkları da belirtilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Karanlık üçlü; İlişkisel saldırganlık; Tepkisel saldırganlık; Amaca yönelik saldırganlık; Zararına sevinme.

The Ottoman State is a state that has demonstrated, through practices, a state understanding that respects the beliefs of its citizens living on its territory in every period of its history. Due to this respect, it is normal to see people of all religions and their places of worship in the Ottoman geography. The non-Muslim segment, excluding Muslims, took part in life and at every stage of life and was able to work in important sections of the state. It is understood from the existing documents and the last period Edirne Salnames, which are related to our subject, that the Ottoman Empire treated all existing communities and societies equally within its socio-cultural structure. Edirne has a very meaningful place in the Ottoman centuries. This important province, which became the capital of the state, has also increased the importance of this province with its monuments, inns, baths, mosques and hospital, which has an important function in terms of world cultural history. It is known that these people were treated with special training and care in the hospitals established in the Ottoman Geography at a time when disabled individuals and people with psychological traumas were tortured or excluded in the Middle Ages. In our article study, which we researched within the framework of historical documents, examples from the practices of freedom of belief and worship in the Edirne region, which we specifically discussed, and non-Muslim Ottoman citizens working in government, will be given, apart from some important regions applied in the Ottoman state administration. The examples will be presented with the yearbooks of the period dated 1312 and 1316, where official state records were written, and some document samples taken from the Ottoman Archives, and it will be evaluated within the framework of the documents that there is no discrimination due to religious and cultural differences in the Ottoman Empire’s management approach. 

Keywords: Faith; Tolerance; Ottoman state; Non-Muslims; Edirne.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the effects of the pandemic process on the view of middle and high school students on daily life, family and friendship relationships, emotional state and school. The study group included 1359 secondary students (749 girls and 610 boys) who could be reached by easy-to-reach sampling method. A triple-rated checklist was used to collect the data. Percentage and frequency distribution were used in the analysis of the data. As a result, during the pandemic process, it was determined that there were significant changes in the daily life routines of students such as sleep, nutrition, movement and cleanliness. It has been determined that the pandemic process was negatively affects the emotional state of the students, the students’ communication with their friends decreases, they miss their friends and school lessons, they worry from to failure on their lessons.It has been determined that the pandemic affects students’ family relationships more positively and they have opportunity to be alone, and to do their hobbies. It has been determined that students cannot follow the lessons. It has been determined that the students spent too much time on internet and computer, and this is a problem for their families. The students said that they didn’t know how to spend time in home and overwhelmed from staying at home.

Keywords: Covid 19; Secondary; Middle school and high school; pandemic.

While the quality of school life expresses the perception of one's life in school, the sense of belonging to the school can be defined as the feeling of belonging to a society. Student resistance behaviors, on the other
hand, are the actions of the students towards the situations they do not like in a planned and conscious way during the learning-teaching process. Students' perceptions of school life quality, sense of school belonging
and resistance behaviors can be considered as variables that affect each other and are influenced by each other. In this context, it is aimed to examine the perceptions of school life quality, sense of belonging
to the school and resistance behaviors of 6-7-8 classes studying in schools of different socio-economic levels. 524 students participated in the research, which is a descriptive study in scanning model. In the
study, “Quality of School Life Scale”, “Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale”, “Student’ Resistance Behavior Scale” and “Personal Information Form” were employed for data collection. Descriptive
statitistics, MANOVA test, ANOVA test, correlation and regression analysis were performed in data analysis process. As a result of the study, a positive significant relationship was found between the perception
of school life quality of students and the sense of school belonging, while a negative significant relationship was found between school life quality perception and resistance behaviors. A negative significant relationship was found between the sense of school belonging and resistance behaviors.

Keywords: Quality of school life; Sense of school membership; Student resistance behaviours; Secondary school; Student.

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-transcendence and beliefs about the transformative power of suffering of university students in emerging adulthood. The sample consists of 252 undergraduate
students studying at Atatürk University, and we determined them by the convenience sampling method. The mean age of the participants was 21 and the standard deviation was 2.53. The gender distribution of these participants was 181 (%71.8) female and 71 (%28.2) males. Data collection tools were the Transformative Power of Suffering Scale and the Self-Transcendence Scale. Determining the relationship between variables used Pearson correlation and structural equation model. Results revealed that there was a positive relationship between the transformative power of suffering total score and the interpersonal subscale of the self-transcendence scale (r=.354, p<.01) and its own (internal mood) subscale (r=.329, p<.01). Another finding is that the standardized regression coefficient between the transformative power of suffering and self-transcendence was .47 and that the transformative power of suffering predicted 22% of self-transcendence. The findings show a meaningful relationship between the transformative power of suffering experiences and self-transcendence and that the transformative power of suffering is a significant predictor of self-transcendence.

Keywords: Transformative power of suffering; Self-transcendence; Positive psychology; Structural equaiton model; University students.

This study aims to examine teachers’ opinion on in term holiday application started in 2019-2020 education year in Türkiye by the ministry of national education. This is a qualitative research and the case study
method was followed. In this context research data was collected by semi-structured interview form. This study was conducted by participants working at primary school, secondary school and high school.
With this study participants’ opinions on in term holiday application are collected on students’ academic achievement, motivation, teachers’ motivation and teachers’ professional development. Research findings
were collected in four themes. According to the findings for the academic success theme it was revealed that students had the opportunity to study previous lessons, completed their preparations and deficiencies,
have time to rest, have rest, miss school, participate to social activities and have opportunity for recreation. At the same period teachers have opportunity for social activities, professional activities, having
rest, share opinions, revision of plans, elimination of deficiencies, attend to in service training education and make assessments. As a result of the study, it is revealed that in term holiday contribute to students
and teachers’ development and acedemic success, have opportunity to rest, elimination of deficiencies, revision of plans and socialize.

Keywords: In term holiday; Student; Teacher; Academic success; Professional development.