The study aims to examine the educational strategies used for gifted children in preschools and to reveal the current situation in Turkey and other countries. Gifted children, have specific developmental (social, cognitive, physical and personality) properties, differentiate from their peers regarding their experiences and learning. Due to their properties and potential, they need comprehensive educational programs. It is known that gifted children have specific and different educational app-roaches and models. But unfortunately, the educational practices regar-ding gifted children is limited in preschool period. Scanning model is used to document the articles and graduate thesis between 2010 to 2017 years, in terms of educational strategies used for gifted children in preschool period, 11 studies are documented and examined. According to the findings, the studies from different countries (United States of America, Netherlands, Turkey, Canada, Taiwan, Austria, Israel) are lis-ted. Two studies are longituditional and deal with the enrichment class-room practices, other studies depend on the effects of encrichment clas-room pratices to the children’s development. Suggest a model in Turkey in this field and has been shown to be included in the study to test its effectiveness.

Keywords: Pre-school; Pre-school education; Gifted children; Strate-gies; Educational strategies.

The main aim of this research is to investigate the psychosynthesis approach and its representater. The research involves the life of Assa-gioli, existence of the psychosynthesis, main terms of the psyc-hosynthesis and its similar and different ways with psychoanalysis. However the study consists of the perspective of the psychosynthesis to the human. The study is a type of literature review research. It is con-sidered that the research will fill a gap in the national literature about psychosynthesis theory. Furthermore, it is expected that the research will divert to the future investigations on the psychosynthesis approach. Finally, it is suggested that psychosynthesis should be examine as compare with the other psychological approaches. It can be accepted as a restriction of this and future researches about the psychosynthesis that the lackness of resources on the approach of the psychosynthesis the-ory.

Keywords: Pyschosynthesis; Theory; Roberto Assagioli; Unconsci-ous; Therapy.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a learning environment designed in accordance with Model-Based Teaching and Learning method on fourth grade students’ levels of understanding and mental model development regarding the definition, structures, func-tions, behaviors, mechanisms and forms of microorganisms. In the study, mixed method was adopted. The sample consisted of 6 students from a school located in a village of the central district of Kastamonu province. Data were collected by means of “Microorganisms Concept Test” and semi-structured interviews both before and after the teaching practices. Data from the concept test were analyzed with due consider-ation to the levels of understanding of the students. Descriptive analysis was employed for the analysis of the qualitative data. When the final interviews conducted both before and after the teaching practices were compared and contrasted, students’ overall levels of understanding were found to rise and within the scope of the study, it was seen that they reached a scientific model concerning microorganisms. Model-Based Teaching and Learning practices promoted students, in terms of mental models, to reach the scientific model about microorganisms. However, it was also seen that incomplete and alternative conceptions about the different aspects of microorganisms persisted in some stu-dents’ minds.

Keywords: Science education; Model-based teaching and learning; Un-derstanding levels; Model; Mental models.

The family is first place that people begin socializing. Therefore it plays a significant role in created information and ideas related with history. Both theoretical and practical studies are big necessity to determine how families influence individuals’ knowledge and views about history and in this respect what its role is when we compared it with school, media and other socializing means. The surveys related with these topics can reveal important data how these subjects develop history education at school. The aim of this study is to determine secondary and high schools students’ opinions related to historical knowledge which they taken from their families. The research is conducted with qualita-tive research and integrated multi-state design of case study. Study group of this research consists of 53 students; 23 are secondary and 30 are high school students in 2014-2015 education term in Amasya. Data of the study have been gained through open ended survey, and the data have been analyzed with content analysis. Following the study, it has been found out that a great number of the students have talk on history with their family members and finding show that the percent of secondary schools students who are talk about in than high schools students. It is noteworthy that the subjects of the secondary school students talked about general subjects such as Ottoman and Islamic history, and families in high school students talked about military history and me-morials about old days. One of the findings of the study is that majority of students trust the historical knowledge given by their grandparents more than any other members of the family. The reason students trust their grandparents is because they are old and so they have more knowledge of the past. All of the secondary school students and most of the high school students expressed that they found the history knowledge they gained at school is more reliable than those they gained at home as their teachers are trained in this subject and schools provide them with accurate information based on evidence. Finally, a substan-tial part of the high school students stated that they find the information they gained from family members enjoyable as they are narrated more amusingly and enjoyably. Most of the secondary school students described the historical information at school more favourable for some reasons especially for being with their friends in the class.

Keywords: Family; Socializing; Historical knowledge; History teaching; Social studies.

The purpose of this study was to determine the qualities of an ideal school principal according to the perceptions of assistant principals who work in Turkish primary schools. This study was designed with an exploratory pattern which is one of the mixed research methods. The study group was comprised of 15 assistant principals who were selected via the criterion sampling method. Data were collected via ‘structured interview’ and a ‘decision-making grid’ form. Content analysis, grid similarity formula and basic component analysis-based exploratory factor analysis were used for the analysis of the data. The results of this study indicated that there were similarities and differences between the components and structures related to the qualities of an ideal school principal. In addition, it was determined that only the “feeling confident” structure was within the non-ideal school principal dimension.

Keywords: School principal; School administration; Ideal principal; Cognitive fiction; Repertory grid.

Literature consists of studies in which picture cues are used for teaching cooking skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using the self-instruction strategy and picture cues together in teaching food preparation-cooking- skills to students with intellectual disabilities. Three students with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. The study applied a multiple probe design across participants. Using picture cues and self-instruction strategies together was found to be effective in teaching food preparation skills to students with intellectual disabilities. Participants maintained the targeted skills after 4 months of participating in the study. Findings were discussed and suggestions are presented for future research in this article.

Keywords: Pictorial cues; Self-instruction; Cooking skills; Moderate intellectual disabilities.

The research has been done to determine the relationship between the perceptions of forgiveness and the level of commitment that teachers in secondary schools have. The sample of this research made with quantitative and relational screening model constitutes 250 teachers including 134 female (53.6%) and 116 male (46.4%) who are randomly selected and working in the orate education institutions in the province of Trabzon. “Organizational Forgiveness Scale” and “Organizational Commit-ment Scale” were used as the data collection tool of the research. According to the findings obtained from the research, there was a low level of positive correlation between organizational forgiveness and organizational commitment. Teachers with a high forgiveness perception seem to be more dependent on the institution and feel themselves belonging to the institution, according to teachers with low forgiveness perception. When we looked at the relationship between the dimensions of forgiveness and organizational commitment, it was determined that there was a low level of positive correlation between acceptance of forgiveness [r=.196, p<.01] and reasons for forgiveness [r =.132, p<.05]. On the other hand, it has been found that there is no statistical relationship between the dimension of forgiveness rejection [r =.070, p>.05] and organizational commitment. However, organizational forgivenesshas been found to be a significant predictor of organizational commitment.

Keywords: Forgiveness; Commitment; Organizational forgiveness; Or-ganizational commitment; Teacher; Secondary.

Political literacy is a part of citizenship education. Pupils are learning about and how to make themselves effective in public life through knowledge, skills and values what can be defined ‘political literacy’ (Advisory Group on Citizenship, 1998). Teachers are the most efficent person for educating citizens. The survey model was used in the study. It is due to the fact that the use of the screening model makes it appear as it is. In the research, “Political literacy measurement tool” developed by Faiz (2016) was applied Thus, the sample is 1187 social studies pre-service teachers seven geographical regions in Turkey and this sample chosen wia maximum variation sampling. The purpose of this study; is to determine the political literacy levels of preservice teachers of social studies. In the data analysis, independent t Test, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, one way variance analysis and descriptive statistics were used. After collecting the data, researchers found that preservice teacher’s knowledge, disposition and skills were at a medium level. When the relationship among the components forming the political literacy, it was found that there was a positive, low level and significant relationship between knowledge and disposition; a positive high level and significant relationship between knowledge and skill; a positive, high level and significant relationship between disposition and skill.

Keywords: Political literacy; Citizenship education; Pre-service teachers; Social studies.

One of the aims of the study is to determine the administration problems faced by school administrators who are working at the High Schools of Fine Arts (HSFA) in 2016 in terms of various variables, and the other is to question whether there is a change in administrative problems over the ten years between 2006 and 2016. The study examines administrative issues in terms of administrative processes. “Umuzdaş HSFA Ad-ministrative Problem Questionnaire” (2006) was used as data collection tool. The questionnaire was applied to 50 school administrators who participated in the workshop of the Ministry of National Education carried out with HSFA directors. The Mann Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis H test were used inthe analysis of the differences in the problems faced by the principals in school administration. As a result of the research, for the first purpose; it was found that the administrators who were educated in another branch out of the field (painting/music) experienced more problems in influencing and evaluating the employees during applications they conduct within the administration process, the male administrators had experienced more issues in the administration process than the female administrators and also we reached the conclusion that as the education level of the administrators increase, they experience communication problems. It is also seen that the problems of finding permanent teachers, qualified students and finances continued in the period between 2006 and 2016.

Keywords: High school of fine arts; Administrative problem; Principal; School administration; Ministry of national education.

Meaning occurs as a contact between mind and the existence. It is emerged from one’s position with his outside thing. All matters of understanding create the processing of perception, comprehension and sharing of meaning. These simultaneously create the micro texture of social domain. All events related to meaning arises through the process of the perception, comprehension and sharing of meaning. Modern process basically represents a radical change in the parameters of consciousness. Because the content of knowledge that is to become conscious and the meaning loaded on it is changing. Hence, consciousness changes in both content and meaning. The transformation of individual and societal expectations is an indication of the change of “important” phenomena in the process of socialization, the change of needs and the emergence of new balances in the dichotomies of naturalness and artificiality, and the transformation of meaning and consciousness into modernity. Where is the education system, especially the primary and secondary education system, at this rapidly rotating wheel? In this regard, the management authority is devoid of arguments to explain itself. Administration seems to have lost its rational and functional legitimacy. Despite its inadequacies, there is an administration image that is trying to establish authority. For that reason, the training manager remains between the student and the administration.

Keywords: Meaning; Modernization, Transformation of consciousness; Awareness training.

As an alternative assessment tool, portfolio is a device that evaluates student achievement with different criteria in the process, not with a single criterion. The aim of this study is to develop a rubric (graded scoring key) to be used in evaluating the portfolio prepared in English lessons. For this purpose, a rubric consisting of three themes and thir-teen criteria related to this theme were prepared. Expert opinion has been consulted in order to ensure the validity of rubric. The validity of rubric is provided by controlling the content, structure and criteria as-pects. Portfolios used in the study were evaluated by two scorers. Co-hen’s Kappa coefficient was used to examine the correspondence between the scorers. Cohen’s Kappa was evaluated as .86 in “prelim-inary preparation” criteria; .71 in “ready” criteria; .76 in “self-recognition” criteria; .81 in “linguistic information and narrative” criteria; .86 in “knowing language learning strategies” criteria; .73 in “using listening strategies” criteria; .77 in “using reading skills” cri-teria; .64 in “using speech-skill strategies”; .91 in “using writing strategies” criteria; .75 in “creativity” criteria; .84 in “order” criteria; .89 in “spelling and punctuation” criteria; .82 in “homework submis-sion” criteria. These values indicate that there is a very significant level of numbness between the scorers. This rubric can be used as an alter-native tool to evaluate portfolios prepared especially in English classes.

Keywords: English classes; Assessment; Portfolio; Strategies; Development of a rubric.

In the recent years, social network addiction has caused nomophobia, which is the fear of deprivation from mobile phone and “FoMO” (Fear of Missing Out), which is known as the fear of missing out what is current, to be widespread. On the other hand, social networks offer noteworthy opportunities, as well as their many characteristics, for communication and information and document share. However, there is an ambiguity about what kind of an impact being deprived of social networks, which are widely accepted in the society with their positive and negative aspects and which have wide range of population and characteristics. The aim of this research was to describe the purposes of preservice teachers in social network use and their experiences in social network deprivation. The study group of the research was composed of 109 third grade students studying at Faculty of Education and actively using social networks. The research lasted for a total of four weeks. The participants were asked not to use social networks during this period. The data of the research was collected at the end of the research by using semistructured interview technique, which is one of qualitative data collection techniques. In the analysis of the data, descriptive analysis technique, which is one of qualitative data analysis techniques, was used. At the end of the research, it was revealed that the participants mostly used such social networks as Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the participants used social networks mostly for communication and information and document share and those they needed social networks in the diet process mostly for sharing and communication. At the end of the research, information about the activities which were performed on behalf of social networks in the diet process and the moods experienced was obtained and in the light of this information, suggestions were made for the new researches to be conducted.

Keywords: Social network use purposes; Social network diet; Social network deprivation; Faculty of education student; Social network addiction.

The study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of the Denham’s Affect Knowledge Test for children aged 48-72 months. It is a research that designed as a general survey model in the quantitative research de-sign. The study group is consisted of 260 children aged 48-72 months who are attending independent pre-school education institutions and pre-school classes of primary school institutions in Asian side of Istanbul in 2016-2017 academic year selected by random cluster sampling method. The Denham’s Affect Knowledge Test, the Emotion Recognition Test and the Personal Information Form developed by the researchers were used to collect the research data. Validity of the test is investigated according to the content validity (expert opinion and item analy-sis) and the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and method of calculation of correlation coefficient between relevant test/scale and external tests); and reliability of the test is investigated according to the internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha) and testing and re-testing in-termittently (Pearson Correlation Coefficient). After the analysis, it was found that Denham’s Affect Knowledge Test is a valid and reliable test for children aged 48-72 months.

Keywords: Pre-school; Denham’s Affect Knowledge Test; Validity; Reliability.

Although there are serious critiques regarding new media technologies in general but more particularly social media courses for them preventing education and training, it is still an undeniable reality that digital methods also impact on today's education at almost all levels and phases. In this regard, the usage forms and the content social media has an important role in university and postgraduate education as well. They better the learning travel of students, ease their communication with the lecturers and allow them to get answers for their question in a faster way. However, they may also cause serious challenges when they are misused at a level of addiction. In this context, this study aims to analyze the role of social media courses and their usage at a university education. The study while examining the social media methods and frequencies students apply while structuring their communication with the lecturers, on the other hand, tries to answer how academics answers the communication requests they receive through social media accounts. Accordingly, the study was conducted through case study pattern matching which is a qualitative research method and semistructured interviews with 20 lecturers from diverse universities were undertaken. The results of the research suggest that academics actively use social media throughout the education process and contact their students via these courses. Nonetheless, communication through social media may sometimes negatively influence the distance between the lecturer and the student and that this makes student expect for more and private interest.

Keywords: Social media; Education; University; New media; Communication.

UNESCO and the World Bank are working to improve many aspects of human life around the globe also in the field of education. Their view matters since they have the power to affect people around the world and their policies. Although these two organisations are working together on projects in the field of education, their views on the general merits of education bring them apart. It can clearly be seen from their general agendas that while UNESCO’s motto is “building peace in the minds of men and women”, the World Bank’s mission is to reduce poverty and support development. These two very distinct understanding of education leads to various approaches and outputs for global education policies around the world. While the World Bank focused on the issues such as the economic analysis of education, school to work transitions, and finance and expenditures, UNESCO set its agenda on themes such as human rights education, education for sustainable development, teacher education and inclusive education. Financial concerns dominated the World Bank’s agenda, while UNESCO seemed focused on the wellbeing of people involved in education, whether students or teachers. It is suggested for developing countries that these differences should be taken into account when considering working with these two organizations in the field of education.

Keywords: Education policy; World bank; UNESCO; Millennium development goals.