Subjects with regards to probability are leading concepts that primary school students have difficulty to learn. In this regard, teaching the probability subjects become a field that needed to be searched. In this study, constructing and consolidating process of the Primary School Second Level for the concepts related to learning field of probability such as experimental probability, theoretical probability, concepts of dependent and independent events in an appropriate teaching environment have been analyzed. The group study has been carried out together with two students who had high level achievement scores. In the teaching period, four sequential activities / problems that allow students to use their prior knowledge and experiences have been designed and used. The study was a case study analyze. Analyzing cognitive processes and explaining abstraction in teaching was realized by using “TKO+P” model (Recognizing, Building-with, Constructing+Consolidation) as a basis. In the study, it has been observed that students using their prior knowledge for the later ones could, construct and consolidate the targated knowledge in regard to the subject probability appropriately in a certain level. Besides, this study set forth the contribution of authentic activities and activity based teaching to the construction of the knowledge.

The aim of this quantitative study is to investigate the relationship between identity formation and demographic information of university students. This study was implemented in the 2010-2011 Fall semester among the undergraduate students of Sabancı University. The study examined the relationship between same demographic information and the three subdimensions of the identity scale; personal identity, social identity and collective identity. The results indicate that students' gender, faculty type, weekly study hours and weekly social activity hours are related with their personal identities. The social identity of a student is related with weekly social activity hours. The collective identity of a student is related with the student's grade year and family income. The results of this research can be used in programs to be prepared to support identity development, personal support programs for students, and in the development of educational seminars and other support programs. These programs can play an imprortant role in the improvement of a student's university lifequality and identity formation.

SOLO model is a taxonomy used to evaluate students' knowledge and skills and it can be used as an alternative means to assess the teacher candidates’ spatial visualization skills. The purpose of the study is to examine elementary mathematics teacher candidates’ spatial visualization skills which are one of the components of spatial ability according to SOLO model. It is a qualitative research study. Six people selected from 81 according to Purdue Spatial Visualization Test had clinical interviews. Data was collected through Purdue Spatial Visualization Test and geometry achievement test developed by the researchers. The recorded interviews which were saved via audio recording device were transformed into written text for analyzing the data. The answers of the students obtained from interviews were examined with help of the scale for the assessment generated at the end of pilot study. Students’ answers were put into SOLO thinking levels by doing descriptive analysis. Most of the teacher candidates are at the multistructural level in spatial visualization skills according to SOLO model thinking levels. Recommendations for further research to teachers, the teacher candidates and researchers are made according to findings of the study.

The purpose of this study is to determine the causes of stress of teacher candidates during education process. The data was collected by openended questions through this study in which 1214 teacher candidates took part. In order to analyze the data, frequency and percentage techniques were used. According to the results of the analysis, KPSS, personal reasons, educational struggles, family problems, mental reasons, financial problems, attitudes of instructors, health, relations with opposite sex and political issues can be counted among the causes of stress. With the help of these data, it is determined that being appointed is the main reason of stress of teacher candidates. It can be proclaimed that this source of stress which can be defined as the teacher training problem has negative effect on teacher candidates in their academical improvement and during teaching process after the appointment as well. Hence The Ministry of Education should think about alternative appointment methods.

The purpose of this study was to determine high school teachers' perceptions on and expectations from teacher leadership roles. A total of 291 teachers employed in high schools in Kastamonu participated in this study. Research data was gathered via "Teacher Leadership Scale" developed by Beycioğlu and Aslan (2010). Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients were conducted to analyze the data. Results revealed that high school teachers' expectation level was higher than their perception level on teacher leadership. Results also mirrored that teachers' expectations from teacher leadership roles differed significantly on institutional improvement and professional improvement subscales of teacher leadership according to gender variable while their perceptions differed significantly on institutional improvement subscale according to age variable and on institutional improvement and collaboration among colleagues subscales according to seniority variable. Results finally demonstrated that there were positive and significant relationships between teachers' perceptions on and expectations from teacher leadership roles. Several suggestions were presented in the light of research findings at the end of the study.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the attitudes of art and craft teacher condidates toward teaching with respect to some demographical variables. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 fall term in Marmara University, Atatürk Education Faculty. The participants were 160 teacher candidates studying in Art and Craft Teaching Department. Study was conducted as a survey design. The data collection tool for the present study is “Teaching Attitude Scale”. For the analysis, mean, frequency, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc statistics were used to describe the data and the answer’ to the research questions. The findings of the study revealed female students and the ones who are in their third and forth years in the program have positive attitudes toward teaching. Additionally, the present study showed that socio-economic status had no relationship with the attitudes toward teaching.

son zamanlarda çokça tartışılan, normal ve normalin ölçüsü ile normal çerçevesi içinde üstün zekâlı, üstün yetenekli ve çoklu zekâ kavramları gelmektedir. Özel eğitim denildiğinde veya normal veya anormal denildiğinde, ciddi bir kavram kargaşası olduğu gözlenmektedir. “Yetenek nedir, zekâ nedir, normal nedir, normalin ölçüsü nedir, kaç tür normal dışılık vardır?” gibi soruların tam anlatılamamasının veya anlaşılamamasının asıl sebeplerinden birinin, bu kavramların anlam ve sınırlılıklarının tam bilinmemesi olduğu, gözlemlerle ve yazılan makalelerin okunması ile kolayca anlaşılabilmektedir. Bu kargaşayı, özellikle normal çerçevesinde, bir nebze de olsa açıklığa kavuşturmak için gereğinin; normalin tanımı, ölçüsü ve çeşitlilikleri ile ilgili böyle bir makalenin yazılmasının ana sebebini oluşturduğu söylenmelidir.